von Dr. Tiziana Masullo
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| [1.] Tim/Fragment 001 02 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-12-05 06:47:39 Graf Isolan | BauernOpfer, Fragment, Gesichtet, Gurskaya 2003, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Tim |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 1, Zeilen: 2-15 |
Quelle: Gurskaya 2003 Seite(n): 403, Zeilen: l.col.: 1 ff. |
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| Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria is intensively used in biomedical sciences (Tsien, 1998).
In nature, GFP is a component of the A. victoria bioluminescent system. Like many other marine organisms, this jellyfish can produce bright flashes in response to external stimulation. GFP is a secondary emitter that transforms blue light (460 nm), emitted by the Ca2+- dependent photoprotein aequorin, into green light (508 nm) (Johnson et al., 1962). Although GFPs similar to Aequorea GFP are found in other bioluminescent coelenterates (Chalfie, 1995), the biological significance of blue light transformation is not clear, particularly since the majority of bioluminescent animals do not possess this mechanism. The discovery of GFP-like proteins in the non-bioluminescent Anthozoa species indicates these proteins are not necessarily linked to bioluminescence (Matz et al., 1999). In fact, these organisms can produce bright flashes through GFP, as an electromagnetic radiation source with specific wavelength in response to external stimulation (Gurskaya et al., 2003). Tsien, R., 1998. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 509-544. Johnson, F. H., Shimomura, O., Saiga, Y., Gershman, L. C., Reynolds, G. T., and Waters, J. R., 1962. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 60, 85-104 Chalfie, M., 1995. Green fluorescent protein. Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 651–656 Matz M.V., Fradkov A.F., Labas Y.A., Savitsky A.P., Zaraisky A.G., Markelov M.L., Lukyanov S.A., 1999. Nat. Biotechnol., 17:969-973. |
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria is intensively used in biomedical sciences [1]. In nature, GFP is a component of the A. victoria bioluminescent system. Like many other marine organisms, this jellyfish can produce bright flashes in response to external stimulation. GFP is a secondary emitter that transforms blue light (460 nm), emitted by the Ca2+- dependent photoprotein aequorin, into green light (508 nm) [2]. Although GFPs similar to Aequorea GFP are found in other bioluminescent coelenterates (for review see [3]), the biological significance of blue light transformation is not clear, particularly since the majority of bioluminescent animals do not possess this mechanism. The discovery of GFP-like proteins in the non-bioluminescent Anthozoa species indicates these proteins are not necessarily linked to bioluminescence [4].
1 Tsien, R. Y. (1998) The green fluorescent protein. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 509–544 2 Johnson, F. H., Shimomura, O., Saiga, Y., Gershman, L. C., Reynolds, G. T. and Waters, J. R. (1962) Quantum efficiency of Cypridina luminescence, with a note on that of Aequorea. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 60, 85–104 3 Chalfie, M. (1995) Green fluorescent protein. Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 651–656 4 Matz,M.V.,Fradkov, A. F., Labas, Y. A., Savitsky, A. P., Zaraisky, A. G., Markelov, M. L. and Lukyanov, S. A. (1999) Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 969–973 |
The source is given at the end of the paragraph. It is remarkable that the only sentence the reader sensibly would expect to come from the source cannot be found in it, while the rest of the documented passage is taken from it verbatim . |
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| [2.] Tim/Fragment 001 19 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-10-15 18:42:33 Singulus | Fragment, Gesichtet, KomplettPlagiat, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Tim, Wang 2007 |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 1, Zeilen: 19-26 |
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| In fact, Fluorescent Proteins (FPs) are widely used as noninvasive probes to study different biological models from individual cells to whole organisms. The use of FPs enable the tracking of every step of the protein of interest: expression, localization, movement, interaction and activity in the cell, tissue or organism. The main applications of FPs are: visualization of target-gene promoter up- and down-regulation, protein labeling, detection of protein-protein interactions, tracking protein movement and monitoring cellular parameters using FP-based fluorescent sensors. | FPs are widely used as noninvasive probes to study different biological models from individual cells to whole organisms. The use of FPs enables the tracking of every step of the protein of interest: expression, localization, movement, interaction and activity in the cell, tissue or organism. The main applications of FPs are: visualization of target-gene promoter up- and down-regulation, protein labeling, detection of protein-protein interactions, tracking protein movement and monitoring cellular parameters using FP-based fluorescent sensors. |
The source is not mentioned anywhere. |
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