Angaben zur Quelle [Bearbeiten]
| Autor | T. Tschernig, F. Fliegert, J. Westermann, R. Pabst |
| Titel | Increased expression of activation markers and adhesion molecules on lung T-cells compared with blood in the normal rat |
| Zeitschrift | European Respiratory Journal |
| Ausgabe | 13 |
| Jahr | 1999 |
| Seiten | 66-70 |
| ISSN | 0903-1936 |
| URL | http://www.ersj.org.uk/content/13/1/66.full.pdf |
Literaturverz. |
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| Fußnoten | no |
| Fragmente | 1 |
| [1.] Mag/Fragment 008 11 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-03-14 10:40:28 WiseWoman | Fragment, Gesichtet, Mag, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Tschernig et al 1999, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 8, Zeilen: 11-12; 16-28 |
Quelle: Tschernig et al 1999 Seite(n): 66, 69, Zeilen: 66: l.col: 1-3, 9-19; 69: r.col: 13-20 |
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| Lymphocytes play a significant role in lung disorders, for example sarcoidosis, asthma, and rejection after transplantation (Berman et al., 1990). [...] Since the lung has no afferent lymphatic vessels, the blood is the starting point for lymphocyte immigration. Lymphocytes migrate to the lung vascular endothelium (marginal pool) and enter the interstitial lung tissue (interstitial pool), where the lymphocyte composition is different from blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) (Fliegert et al., 1996). In contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes, mainly activated T cells are found in BAL of humans and mice (Curtis et al., 1995; Saltini et al., 1990). This immunological status confers lymphocytes appropriate defense mechanisms to such a vulnerable organ. The expression of adhesion molecules depends on the compartment from which the cells are recruited, indicating that local activation and expression of adhesion molecules is induced by the microenvironment. Possible candidates for such activators are dendritic cells and macrophages or components of the extracellular matrix (Holt, 1993; van Haarst et al., 1994).
Berman JS, Beer DJ, Theodore AC, Kornfeld H, Bernardo J, Center DM. Lymphocyte recruitment to the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Jul; 142 (1): 238-57. Review. Curtis JL, Kim S, Scott PJ, Buechner-Maxwell VA. Adhesion receptor phenotypes of murine lung CD4+ T cells during the pulmonary immune response to sheep erythrocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 May; 12 (5): 520-30. Fliegert FG, Tschernig T, Pabst R. Comparison of lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, and NK cells in three different lung compartments and peripheral blood in the rat. Exp Lung Res. 1996 Nov-Dec; 22 (6): 677-90. Holt PG. Development of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung disease: a normal host defence mechanism awaiting therapeutic exploitation? Thorax. 1993 Nov; 48 (11): 1097-8. Holt PG. Pulmonary dendritic cell populations. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993; 329: 557-62. Review. Saltini C, Kirby M, Trapnell BC, Tamura N, Crystal RG. Biased accumulation of T lymphocytes with "memory"-type CD45 leukocyte common antigen gene expression on the epithelial surface of the human lung. J Exp Med. 1990 Apr 1; 171 (4):1123-40. van Haarst JM, Hoogsteden HC, de Wit HJ, Verhoeven GT, Havenith CE, Drexhage HA. Dendritic cells and their precursors isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage: immunocytologic and functional properties. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Sep; 11 (3): 344-50. |
[page 66]
Lymphocytes play a significant role in lung disorders, e.g. sarcoidosis, asthma, and rejection after transplantation (for review see [1, 2]). [...] In contrast to the peripheral blood, mainly activated (CD4+, CD45Rlow and L-selectinlow) T-cells were found in the BAL of humans [4] and mice [5]. In humans only blood and BAL have been studied [6]. Since the lungs have no afferent lymphatics the blood is the starting point for lymphocyte immigration. Lymphocytes marginate to the lung vascular endothelium (marginal pool) and enter the interstitial lung tissue (interstitial pool), where the lymphocyte composition was different from blood and BAL when examined in healthy rats [7]. [page 69] This immunological status is appropriate for such a vulnerable organ. The expression of adhesion molecules depends on the compartment from which the cells were extracted, leading to evidence that local activation and expression of adhesion molecules is induced by the microenvironment. Possible candidates for such activators are dendritic cells and macrophages or components of the extracellular matrix [21, 22]. 1. Richeldi L, Franchi A, Rovatti E, Cossarizza A, duBois RM, Saltini C. Lymphocytes. In: Crystal RG, West JB, eds. The Lung. New York, Raven, 1996; pp. 803±820. 2. Berman JS, Beer DJ, Theodore AC, Kornfeld H, Bernardo J, Center DM. Lymphocyte recruitment to the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 238±257. 4. Saltini C, Kirby M, Trapnell BC, Tamura N, Crystal RG. Biased accumulation of T lymphocytes with "memory"- type CD45 leukocyte common antigen gene expression on the epithelial surface of the human lung. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 1123±1140. 5. Curtis JL, Kim S, Scott PJ, Buechner-Maxwell VA. Adhesion receptor phenotypes on murine lung CD4+ T cells during the pulmonary immune response to sheep erythrocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 12: 520± 530. 6. Pabst R, Tschernig T. Lymphocytes in the lung: an often neglected cell. Anat Embryol 1995; 192: 293±299. 7. Fliegert F, Tschernig T, Pabst R. Comparison of lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, and NK cells in three different lung compartments and peripheral blood in the rat. Exp Lung Res 1996; 22: 677±690. 21. Holt PG. Regulation of antigen-presenting cell functions in lung and airway tissues. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 120± 129. 22. van Haarst JMW, Hoogsteden HC, de Wit HJ, Verhoeven GT, Havenith CEG, Drexhage HA. Dendritic cells and their precursors isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage: immunocytologic and functional properties. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 11: 344±350. |
The source is not mentioned here. Note, there are two publications "Holt, 1993" listed in the bibliography. |
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