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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 9, Zeilen: 1-9 |
Quelle: Kawai und Akari 2006 Seite(n): 817, Zeilen: left col. 1-8, 11-16 |
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| [TLR9 recognizes bacterial and viral CpG DNA motifs and] malaria pigment hemozoin (Iwasaki and Medzhitov 2004) (Coban et al 2005; Hemmi et al 2000; Krug et al 2004).
After recognition of microbial pathogens, TLRs trigger intracellular signaling pathways that result in the induction of inflammatory cytokines, type I interferon (IFN) and chemokines (Figure 4). Moreover, signaling from TLRs induces DC maturation with the upregulation of costimulatory molecules. Importantly, TLRs activate a common signaling pathway that culminates in the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12, as well as alternative pathways that induce appropriate effector responses against different types of pathogens (Akira and Takeda 2004). Akira,S., Takeda,K., 2004. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 499-511. Coban,C., Ishii,K.J., Kawai,T., Hemmi,H., Sato,S., Uematsu,S., Yamamoto,M., Takeuchi,O., Itagaki,S., Kumar,N., Horii,T., Akira,S., 2005. Toll-like receptor 9 mediates innate immune activation by the malaria pigment hemozoin. J. Exp. Med. 201, 19-25. Hemmi,H., Takeuchi,O., Kawai,T., Kaisho,T., Sato,S., Sanjo,H., Matsumoto,M., Hoshino,K., Wagner,H., Takeda,K., Akira,S., 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408, 740-745. Iwasaki,A., Medzhitov,R., 2004. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 5, 987-995. Krug,A., French,A.R., Barchet,W., Fischer,J.A., Dzionek,A., Pingel,J.T., Orihuela,M.M., Akira,S., Yokoyama,W.M., Colonna,M., 2004. TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity. 21, 107-119. |
[TLR9] recognizes bacterial and viral CpG DNA motifs and malaria pigment hemozoin.24–27 After recognition of microbial pathogens, TLRs trigger intracellular signaling pathways that result in the induction of inflammatory cytokines, type I interferon (IFN) and chemokines (Figure 1). Moreover, signaling from TLRs induces the upregulation of costimulatory molecules on
specialized antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells (DCs). [...] Importantly, TLRs activate a common signaling pathway that culminates in the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12, as well as alternative pathways that induce appropriate and effecter responses against different types of pathogens (Figure 1).29 24. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Matsumoto M, Hoshino K, Wagner H, Takeda K and Akira S (2000) A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408: 740–745 25. Krug A, French AR, Barchet W, Fischer JA, Dzionek A, Pingel JT, Orihuela MM, Akira S, Yokoyama WM and Colonna M (2004) TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity 21: 107–119 26. Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R and Iwasaki A (2003) Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of Herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 198: 513–520 27. Coban C, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Hemmi H, Sato S, Uematsu S, Yamamoto M, Takeuchi O, Itagaki S, Kumar N, Horii T and Akira S (2005) Toll-like receptor 9 mediates innate immune activation by the malaria pigment hemozoin. J. Exp. Med. 201: 19–25 29. Akira S and Takeda K (2004) Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4: 499–511 |
Ohne Hinweis auf eine Übernahme. Figure 1 aus Kawai und Akari (2006) wurde (ohne Legende) als "Figure D" mit anderer Quellenangabe übernommen. |
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