von Nasrullah Memon
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| [1.] Nm/Fragment 147 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-02-06 20:45:47 Hindemith | BauernOpfer, Combating Terrorism Center 2006, Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 147, Zeilen: 1-13 |
Quelle: Combating Terrorism Center 2006 Seite(n): 8, Zeilen: p.8,17-18 and p.9,14-19.20-21.23-24.25-26.26-29 |
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| [It is now seen by many as more of a social] movement than coherent organization (Wikotorowicz Q., 2001).
Al Qaeda did not decide to decentralize until 2002, following the removal of the Taliban from Afghanistan and the arrest of a number of key Al Qaeda leaders including Abu Zubaydhah, Al Qaeda’s Dean of students, Ramzi bin Al Shibh, the organizer of the Hamburg cell of 9/11 hijackers, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the mastermind of 9/11 and the financier of the first World Trade Center attack, and Tawfiq Attash Kallad, the master mind of the USS Cole attack. In response these and other key losses, Al Qaeda allegedly convened a strategic summit in northern Iran in November 2002, at which the group’s consultative council decided that it could no longer operate as a hierarchy, but instead would have to decentralize (Joseph Felter et al., 2005). |
[p. 8]
[...] and is seen by some as more of a “movement” than any other form of organization. [...] [p. 9] Indeed, several years ago al-Qa’ida’s leaders recognized that the achievement of their ultimate goals and objectives required a more decentralized, networked approach. In 2001, following the ouster of the Taliban from Afghanistan, a number of al-Qa’ida leaders suddenly found themselves in detention centers facing long months of interrogation. Abu Zubaydah, al-Qa’ida’s “dean of students,” [...]. Ramzi Bin al Shibh, the organizer of the Hamburg, Germany cell that formed the core of the 9/11 hijackers, [...] Khalid Sheik Mohammed, the mastermind of 9/11 and the financier of the first World Trade Center attack, [...] Tawfiq Attash Kallad, the mastermind of the USS Cole attack, [...] In response to the loss of key leaders, al-Qa’ida allegedly convened a strategic summit in northern Iran in November 2002, at which the group’s consultative council came to recognize that it could no longer exist as a hierarchy, but instead would have to become a decentralized network [...][FN 10] [FN 10] Robert Windrem, 2005. |
In spite of some paraphrasing this remains a collage of various bits and pieces of various lengths from the unnamed source from West Point's Combating Terrorism Center. Nothing is marked as a citation. Both sources, (Wikotorowicz Q., 2001) as well as (Joseph Felter et al., 2005) are not to be found in Nm's list of references. However, "Felter et al. 2005" might refer to a version of the source, as "Joe Felter" led its large team of authors. |
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| [2.] Nm/Fragment 147 18 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-23 13:14:24 Hindemith | Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung, Yang etal 2005 |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 147, Zeilen: 18-29 |
Quelle: Yang_etal_2005 Seite(n): 2, Zeilen: 8ff |
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| Hierarchy, as one common feature of many real world networks, attracts special attentions in recent years (Ravasz, E., A. L., Barabasi, 2003; Costa, L. D. F., 2004; Trusina, A. et al, 2004, Variano, E. A. et al, 2004). Hierarchy is one of the key aspects of a theoretical model to capture statistical characteristics of terrorist networks.
In literature, several concepts are proposed to measure the hierarchy in a network, such as the hierarchical path (Trusina, A. et al, 2004), the scaling law for the clustering coefficients of nodes in a network ( Ravasz, E., A. L., Barabasi, 2003), etc. These measures can tell us the existence and extent of hierarchy in a network. We address herein another problem how to construct hidden hierarchy of terrorist networks (which are known as horizontal networks). |
Hierarchy, as one common feature for many real world networks, attracts special attentions in recent years [9-12]. [...] Hierarchy is one of the key aspects of a theoretical model [9,13] to capture the statistical characteristics of a large number of real networks, [...]
In literature, several concepts are proposed to measure the hierarchy in a network, such as the hierarchical path [10], the scaling law for the clustering coefficients of the nodes [9], the hierarchical components/degree [11], etc. These measures can tell us the existence and the extent of hierarchy in a network. We address herein another problem, that is, how to reconstruct the hierarchical structure in a network. [9] E. Ravasz and A. -L. Barabasi, Phys. Rev. E 67, 026112(2003). [10] A. Trusina, S. Maslov, P. Minnhagen and K. Sneppen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 178702(2004). [11] L. D. F. Costa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 098702(2004). [12] E. A. Variano, J. H. McCoy and H. Lipson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,188701(2004). [13] Tao Zhou, Gang Yan and Binghong Wang, Phys. Rev. E 71, 046141 (2005). |
Only minor adjustments. In particular also all the literature references are taken from Yang et al. (2005). Note: the footnote 22, commenting the title of chapter 5 on page 146, reads as follows: "22 The parts of this chapter are already published in Memon N., Larsen Henrik Legind 2006c, 2006d, 2007c and Memon N., Qureshi A.R. (2005)." However, Memon N., Qureshi A.R. (2005) was published in November 2005 (see here), whereas Yang et al (2005) was published in August 2005. |
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Letzte Bearbeitung dieser Seite: durch Benutzer:Hindemith, Zeitstempel: 20120423131435