von Nasrullah Memon
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| [1.] Nm/Fragment 074 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-18 12:01:24 WiseWoman | Arquilla Ronfeldt 2001, Fragment, Gesichtet, KomplettPlagiat, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 74, Zeilen: 1-7 |
Quelle: Arquilla_Ronfeldt_2001 Seite(n): 73, Zeilen: 18ff |
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| Yet, these characteristics play a critical role in networks, exhibiting and exploiting “the strength of weak ties” (Granovetter, M., 1973). In effect, the periphery allows the network to operate at a far greater distance, both geographically and socially, than would otherwise be the case. Thus it facilitates more-extensive operations, more-diverse activities, and the capacity to carry out effective intelligence collection. | Yet, these characteristics play a critical role in networks, exhibiting and exploiting “the strength of weak ties.” [FN 17] In effect, the periphery allows the network to operate at a far greater distance —both geographically and socially— than would otherwise be the case, facilitating more-extensive operations, more-diverse activities, and the capacity to carry out effective intelligence collection. [FN 18]
[FN 17] Mark Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78 (1973) pp. 1360-1380. [FN 18] Ibid. and Burt, 1992. |
Only very slight adaptations. The source is not given. Note that also one literature reference is taken from the source (and another has been removed). Note also the identical usage of the words "more-extensive" and "more-diverse". |
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| [2.] Nm/Fragment 074 08 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-21 22:39:55 Hindemith | Fragment, Gesichtet, Lemieux 2003, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 74, Zeilen: 8-30 |
Quelle: Lemieux_2003 Seite(n): 6, 12, Zeilen: page 6: 1-2, 9-17 ; page 12: 2-5 |
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| 2.9.8 Size of Networks
Size is a fundamental characteristic of networks. It determines many other characteristics including link density, commonly called as density of the network. Generally, density is higher in a small network than in a large one. It is because in a large network, a large proportion of connections between participants are indirect. This is the case for transnational criminal networks, which were specifically studied by Williams and his collaborators (Williams, 2001; Williams and Godson, 2002). Williams states that these networks can be considered to be composed of strategic alliances between national networks, e.g., the Columbian drug trade network and the Sicilian drug distribution network. There are also large networks within a single country. Generally, they are made up of subset of the main networks among which there are loose couplings through weak ties, particularly important in criminal networks. 2.9.9 Redundancy in Networks The link density of a network increases, if several actors or ties must be removed to break it into unconnected pieces making it more redundant. As stated by Williams (2001) “…redundancy enables members of the network to take over tasks and responsibilities from those who have been arrested, incarcerated, or [killed by law enforcement.”] |
Size of the Networks
Size is a fundamental characteristic of networks, in that it determines many other characteristics, particularly the density of the networks. [...] Generally, density is higher in a small network than in a large one, meaning that, in a large network, a large proportion of connections between participants are indirect. This is the case for transnational criminal networks, which were specifically studied by Williams and his collaborators (Williams, 2001; Williams and Godson, 2002). Williams states that these networks can be considered to be composed of strategic alliances between national networks, e.g., the Columbian drug trade network and the Sicilian drug distribution network. There are also large networks within a single country. Generally, they are made up of subnetworks between which there are loose couplings through weak ties, particularly important in criminal networks. [...][Page 12] A network is even more redundant and, thus, denser, if several actors or ties must be removed to break it into pieces that are not connected. As stated by Williams (p. 81) “ … redundancy enables members of the network to take over tasks and responsibilities from those who have been arrested, incarcerated, or killed by law enforcement.” |
Minor Adjustments. The source is not given anywhere in the thesis. |
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Letzte Bearbeitung dieser Seite: durch Benutzer:Hindemith, Zeitstempel: 20120421224211