von Nasrullah Memon
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| [1.] Nm/Fragment 070 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-16 20:28:55 Hindemith | DCSINT 2005, Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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Quelle: DCSINT_2005 Seite(n): 2-13, Zeilen: 7-31 |
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| [Generaly Terrorists are educated to more than average level, except] very few Western terrorists, which are uneducated or illiterate (Hudson, A. R, 1999). Some core members of larger terrorist organizations may have minimal education, but this characteristic is not the standard. Left wing terrorists, international terrorists, and the leadership echelon of right wing groups are usually of average or better intelligence, and have been exposed to advanced education. In fact, terrorist groups are increasingly recruiting members with expertise in areas such as communications, computer programming, engineering, finance, and the sciences (Hudson, A. R, 1999). The study of Sageman revealed 63% of his group had gone to college and 75% of those were professionals or semi-professionals (Sagman, M, 2004): For example, Osama Bin Laden is a civil engineer; Ayman Zawahiri is a physician. These terrorists generally have had exposure to higher learning, although they are usually not highly intellectual, and are frequently dropouts or possess poor academic records. Again, this is subject to the norms of the society they originate from. In societies where religious fundamentalism is prevalent, the higher education may have been advanced religious training (Harmon, C. Christopher, 2001).
Domestic and right wing terrorists in general belong to lower educational and social levels, although they are not completely uneducated. The right wing domestic groups in the U.S. first explored the organizational and communication potential of the Internet. They will typically have received a high school level education. They were also well versed and indoctrinated in the ideological arguments they support. 2.9.3 Age Terrorists tend to be young. The terrorists which take part in operations are found to be within age group of 20-35, while the leaders, supporters or training cadres range from 40-50 years old. (Lacquer Walter, 1999). The amount of practical experience and [training that contributes to making an effective operative is not usually present in individuals younger than the early 20s.] |
Terrorists in general have more than average education, and very few Western terrorists are uneducated or illiterate. [FN 117] Some leaders of larger terrorist organizations may have minimal education, but this characteristic is not the norm. Left wing terrorists, international terrorists, and the leadership echelon of right wing groups are usually of average or better intelligence, and have been exposed to advanced education. In fact, terrorist groups are increasingly recruiting members with expertise in areas such as communications, computer programming, engineering, finance, and the sciences. [FN 118] The Sageman analysis reflected 63% of his group had gone to college and three-quarters were professionals or semi-professionals. [FN 119] (Usama bin laden a civil engineer; Ayman Zawahiri a physician; and Yasir Arafat was at one time a civil engineer.) These terrorists generally have had exposure to higher learning, although they are usually not highly intellectual, and are frequently dropouts or possess poor academic records. Again, this is subject to the norms of the society they originate from. In societies where religious fundamentalism is prevalent, the higher education may have been advanced religious training. [FN 120]
Domestic and right wing terrorists tend to come from lower educational and social levels, although they are not uneducated. It was right wing domestic groups in the U.S. that first explored the communication and organizational potential of the Internet. They will typically have received a high school level education, and be very well indoctrinated in the ideological arguments they support. Age Terrorists tend to be young. Leadership, support, and training cadres can range into the 40-50 year old age groups, but most operational members of terrorist organizations are in the 20-35 year old age group.[FN 121] The amount of practical experience and training that contributes to making an effective operative is not usually present in individuals younger than the early 20s. [FN 117] Rex A. Hudson, The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?, 48. [FN 118] Ibid., 4. [FN 119] Marc Sageman, “Understanding Terror Networks,” 3. [FN 120] Christopher C. Harmon, Terrorism Today (London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2000; reprint, Portland: Frank Cass Publishers, 2001), 208. [FN 121] Walter Lacquer, The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 38. |
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