von Nasrullah Memon
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| [Although their level of] complexity will vary depending on the individual and the specific terrorist group, terrorists are people who are skilled and brutal in leading terrorist acts (Hudson, A. R, 1999). In addition to the above qualities, there are some general characteristics that are equally common among terrorists. There are also some common stereotypes and misconceptions regarding terrorists. | Although their level of sophistication will vary depending on the individual and the specific terrorist group, terrorists are people who are skillful and ruthless in conducting terrorist acts. [FN 115] In addition to the above traits, there are some general characteristics that are fairly common among terrorists. There are also some common stereotypes and misperceptions regarding terrorists.
[FN 115] Rex A. Hudson, The Sociology and Pshychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? (Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1999), 50. |
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| Some authors, particularly Sparrow (1991), Coles (2001), Klerks (2001) and Williams (2001) have identified a certain number of characteristics of criminal networks but these characteristics are either very general, for social networks, or much more specific for criminal networks. The main characteristics are presented below: | Some authors, particularly Sparrow (1991), Coles (2001), Klerks (2001) and Williams (2001), have identified a certain number of characteristics of criminal networks and have demonstrated how they can be analyzed. These characteristics are either very general, for social networks, or much more specific for criminal networks. We will present the main characteristics, [...] |
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| 2.9.1 Status
Terrorists belong to middle or extremely wealthy background; opposite to common understanding that terrorist are sufferers of poverty and despair. While guerrilla fighters and gang members often come from poor and disadvantaged backgrounds, and may adopt terrorism as a tactic. According to the study conducted by Marc Sageman, a Senior Fellow at PFRI and a former CIA case officer in Afghanistan, out of 400 Islamic terrorists 75% came from the upper or middle class and 90% came from caring, intact families (Sagman, M, 2004). The less educated and socially dispossessed people may be used to conduct acts of terrorism. Even in terrorist groups that espouse the virtues of “the people” or “the proletariat,” leadership consists primarily of those of middle class backgrounds. However, this characteristic must be considered in context with the originating society “Middle class” and “privilege” are relative term. Both mean completely different levels of income between Western Africa and Western Europe. 2.9.2 Education and Intellect Generaly Terrorists are educated to more than average level, except [very few Western terrorists, which are uneducated or illiterate (Hudson, A. R, 1999).] |
[p. 2-12]
Contrary to the oft-repeated charge that terrorism is a product of poverty and despair, terrorists are most commonly from middle class backgrounds, with some actually coming from extreme wealth and privilege. While guerilla fighters and gang members often come from poor and disadvantaged backgrounds, and may adopt terrorism as a tactic, terrorist groups that specifically organize as such generally come from middle and upper social and economic strata. Marc Sageman, a Senior Fellow at PFRI and a former CIA case officer in Afghanistan, conducted a study of 400 Islamic terrorists. He found that 75% came from the upper or middle class and 90% came from caring, intact families. [FN 116] The leadership may use less educated and socially dispossessed people to conduct acts of terrorism. Even in terrorist [FN 116] Marc Sageman, “Understanding Terror Networks,” 3. [p. 2-13] groups that espouse the virtues of “the people” or “the proletariat,” leadership consists primarily of those of middle class backgrounds. However, this characteristic must be considered in context with the society the terrorist originates from. “Middle class” or “privilege” are relative terms and will, for example, mean completely different levels of income between Western Africa and Western Europe. Education and Intellect Terrorists in general have more than average education, and very few Western terrorists are uneducated or illiterate.[FN 117] [FN 117] Rex A. Hudson, The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?, 48. |
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