von Nasrullah Memon
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| [1.] Nm/Fragment 068 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-13 13:25:58 WiseWoman | Arquilla Ronfeldt 2001, Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 68, Zeilen: 1-17 |
Quelle: Arquilla_Ronfeldt_2001 Seite(n): 71-72, Zeilen: 33ff; |
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| [In some instances transnational criminal organizations also create jurisdictional confusion, making it difficult for any] single nation’s law enforcement agencies to act effectively against them. Laundering money through a series of firms and banks in multiple jurisdictions, for example, makes it arduous and costly for law enforcement to follow up the money trail.
Networks also offer opportunities for both redundancy and flexibility. In network structures, it is easier to create redundancies than it is in more formal and rigid organizations. It can operate, even when a part of same network is destroyed, at the same time it can become very resilient and can be easily rebuilt. In view of these benefits, it is not unexpected that network structures have become particularly predominant in modern organized crime, whether in the United States, Europe, or states in transition such as Russia, Ukraine, other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, South Africa, and Cambodia, or even China and Cuba. As reported in the referenced book, the analysis now looks at the main characteristics of criminal networks; characteristics that help make them extremely difficult to combat. |
In some instances transnational criminal organizations also create jurisdictional confusion, making it difficult for any single nation’s law enforcement agencies to act effectively against them. Laundering money through a series of firms and banks in multiple jurisdictions, for example, makes it arduous and costly for law enforcement to follow the money trail.
[Seite 72]
In view of these advantages, it is not surprising that network structures have become particularly prevalent in contemporary organized crime, whether in the United States, Europe, or states in transition such as Russia, Ukraine, other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, South Africa, and Cambodia, or even China and Cuba. Accordingly, the analysis now looks at the main characteristics of criminal networks, characteristics that help make them extremely difficult to combat. |
Some adjustments. The source has not been referenced |
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| [2.] Nm/Fragment 068 18 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-13 07:04:55 WiseWoman | DCSINT 2005, Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 68, Zeilen: 18-30 |
Quelle: DCSINT_2005 Seite(n): 2-12, Zeilen: 18-27 |
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| 2.9 TERRORIST CHARACTERISTICS
Terrorists do not have a single or general personality profile. Meaning, no single analytical test exist which promises empathy of a terrorist. Although, many terrorism related studies have been conducted by analyzing the biographical and social data on known terrorists, with goal to develop some form of terrorist profile. However, none of them truly succeeded as they have just shown that in general, terrorists are people who often feel isolated from society and have a complaint or regard themselves as victims of an inequality. Political or religious reasons help as a commitment to the terrorists and they do not regard their violent actions as criminal. They show no pity or regret for their actions. Although their level of [complexity will vary depending on the individual and the specific terrorist group, terrorists are people who are skilled and brutal in leading terrorist acts (Hudson, A. R, 1999).] |
Section III: Terrorist Characteristics
No singular personality profile of a terrorist exists, and no predictive test exists that can guarantee identification of a terrorist. Numerous terrorism-related studies have analyzed the biographical and social data on known terrorists in an attempt to develop some form of terrorist profile. Studies have shown that in general, terrorists are people who often feel alienated from society and have a grievance or regard themselves as victims of an injustice. They are devoted to their political or religious cause and do not regard their violent actions as criminal, showing no pity or remorse for their actions. Although their level of sophistication will vary depending on the individual and the specific terrorist group, terrorists are people who are skillful and ruthless in conducting terrorist acts.[FN 115] [FN 115] Rex A. Hudson, The Sociology and Pshychology[sic] of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? (Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1999), 50. |
With the source never mentioned, the whole of section III of the source is to be found - mostly word-for-word - in the thesis under scrutiny. This is the starting-point. The source misspells a word in Hudson's book, Nm corrects this word in the bibliography but does not give the year. |
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