von Nasrullah Memon
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| [1.] Nm/Fragment 063 01 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2012-04-12 23:09:19 WiseWoman | DCSINT 2005, Fragment, Gesichtet, Nm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Verschleierung |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 63, Zeilen: 1-29 |
Quelle: DCSINT_2005 Seite(n): 3-4, 3-5, Zeilen: 3-4: 36-39, 3-5: 1-19 |
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| Hierarchical structure offers the organizations greater specialization of functions in their subordinate cells (support, operations, intelligence). Usually, the leader of cell is aware of other cells or contacts of the organization (may be to a limited extent) and only senior leadership has visibility of the organization at large. In the past, terrorism was practiced in this manner by identifiable organizations with a command and control structure influenced by ideology or theory of revolution. Radical leftist organizations such as the Japanese Red Army, the Red Army Faction in Germany, the Red Brigades in Italy, as well as ethno-nationalist terrorist movements such as the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Irish Republican Army and the Basque separatist ETA group, conformed to this stereotype of the "traditional" terrorist group. These organizations had a clearly defined set of political, social or economic objectives, and tailored aspects of their organizations (such as a “political” wing or “social welfare” group) to facilitate their success. The necessity to coordinate actions between various “fronts,” some of which were political and allegedly non-violent, and the use of violence by terrorists and some insurgents, favoured a hierarchical command structure.
2.7.2 Networked Structure Terrorists are in this decade become increasingly part of far more joint and wider system of networks than experienced before. Groups based on religious or single-issue motives lack a specific political or patriotic agenda; non-horizontal structure is thus less needed. Instead, they can depend and even thrive on loose association with like-minded clusters or people from a diversity of places. General objectives and goals are announced, and operation and initiative is left to the individuals or cells. |
Hierarchical organizations feature greater specialization of functions in their subordinate cells (support, operations, intelligence). Usually, only the cell leader has knowledge of other cells or contacts, and only senior leadership has visibility of the organization at large. In the past, terrorism was practiced in this manner by identifiable organizations with a command and
[Page 3-5] control structure influenced by revolutionary theory or ideology. Radical leftist organizations such as the Japanese Red Army, the Red Army Faction in Germany, the Red Brigades in Italy, as well as ethno-nationalist terrorist movements such as the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Irish Republican Army and the Basque separatist ETA group, conformed to this stereotype of the "traditional" terrorist group. These organizations had a clearly defined set of political, social or economic objectives, and tailored aspects of their organizations (such as a “political” wing or “social welfare” group) to facilitate their success. The necessity to coordinate actions between various “fronts,” some of which were political and allegedly nonviolent, and the use of violence by terrorists and some insurgents, favored a strong and hierarchical authority structure. Networked Structure Terrorists are now increasingly part of far more indistinct and broader system of networks than previously experienced. Groups based on religious or single-issue motives lack a specific political or nationalistic agenda; they therefore have less need for a hierarchical structure to coordinate the achievement of their goals. Instead, they can depend and even thrive on loose affiliation with like-minded groups or individuals from a variety of locations. General goals and targets are announced, and individuals or cells are expected to use flexibility and initiative to conduct the necessary action. |
The source is not mentioned. |
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