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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 78, Zeilen: 22-47 |
Quelle: Guggisberg 1971 Seite(n): 65+66+67, Zeilen: 27-28+7-10.13-36+1-3.12-15.19-20.22-24 |
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| Darüber hinaus boten religiöse Motive als Bindeglied zwischen der Alten und Neuen Welt immer wieder Stoff zu neuen Forschungsvorhaben. John William Drapers „ History ofthe Intellectual Development ofEurope" ( 1863) und „ History ofthe Conflict between Religion and Science" ( 1874) wie Andrew Dickson Whites „ History ofthe Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom " ( 1896) sind z. B. Zeugnisse intellektueller Konflikte im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert, des Kampfes zwischen Wissenschaft und Religion, der von beiden, ein wenig anachronistisch anmutenden Historikern in Antike und Mittelalter der Alten Welt rückprojiziert wurde.
Draper, verspäteter Enzyklopädist des 18. Jahrhunderts, Anhänger der Evolutionstheorie und des Comteschen Positivismus, setzte sich zum Ziel, mit den Methoden und Werkzeugen der „ Scientific School" den Kontrast zwischen dem „ dark age of faith", das bis zum Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts andauerte und dem „ enlightened age of reason", das für ihn in der Renaissance begann und im modernen Amerika seinen Höhepunkt fand, darzustellen. 14 White, Historiker, Diplomat und erster Präsident der Cornell Universität, sah seine Aufgabe darin, seine Leser mit der europäischen Vergangenheit zu konfrontieren, um ihnen zu helfen „ to understand our own time and its problems in the light of history." 15 Beide Historiker versuchten auf etwas umständliche Art und Weise - Draper dabei wesentlich unkritischer als White - , die Notwendigkeit kulturellen Fortschritts zu unterstreichen. Doch die Verbindung von kritischer Geschichtsschreibung und Bewahrung traditioneller Ideale fand ihren Niederschlag erst in den Werken von Henry Charles Lea. Ähnlich wie seine Kollegen der „ Scientific School" befaßte sich Lea mit der Geschichte der abendländischen Institutionen, wobei er sich vor allem auf die europäische Kirchengeschichte spezialisierte. Zu seinen wichtigsten Werken, die ihm zu internationalem Renommee wie zur Präsidentschaft der American Histori[cal Association ( 1903) verhalfen, zählen seine beiden Werke „ History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages" ( 1888) und „ History of the Inquisition in Spain" ( 1906 - 7).] [FN] 14 Vgl. H. R. Guggisberg: The Uses of the European Past in American Historiography, a. a. O., S. 65 f. 15 Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, New York 1905, vol. l, p. 83. |
The emphasis on European-American continuity was still in many cases based on the religious motif.
[S. 66] Both John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White projected an intellectual conflict of their own time into the Ancient and Medieval past of the Old World: the struggle between science and religion. [...] He was an evolutionist and a firm adherent of Comtean positivism. As the author of a History of the Intellectual Development of Europe (1863) and a concise History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) he appears to the modern reader in the somewhat anachronistic role of a belated eighteenth century encyclopedist. His aim was to show the contrast between the dark "age of faith", which lasted to the end of the fifteenth century, and the enlightened "age of reason" which began with the Renaissance and found its fulfilment in modern America. White was less onesided in his historical views, but their general pattern was the same. This becomes obvious already in the title of his most significant historiographical achievement, the History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (1896). White was a professional historian who later became a leading university reformer and eventually a diplomat. He wrote on European history out of his sense of what was needed in America. As he says in his Autobiography (1905), he desired to confront his readers with the European past to help them "understand our own time and its problems in the light of history".2 In his treatment of the sources he was more critical than Draper, but like his older contemporary he sought to demonstrate the fundamental necessity of a liberal attitude in religious matters in order to secure cultural progress. Behind this pragmatic aspiration stood the conflicts which accompanied the foundation of Cornell University as a non-sectarian institution. Here, White was directly involved : he was the first president of this new American university. [FN] 2 Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, New York, 1905, vol. 1, p. 83.
[S. 67] The conjunction of growing historical criticism with the preservation of the thematic tradition found its most impressive demonstration in the works of Henry Charles Lea. [...] As a historian of institutions and more particularly of legal institutions he became a specialist on the history of ecclesiastical law. His greatest works were the History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages (1888) and the History of the Inquistition in Spain (1906-7). [...] Unlike most of his professional contemporaries of the "scientific school", [...] he became one of the great masters of historical criticism and rose to international renown as well as to the presidency of the American Historical Association (1903). |
auch hier eine Bauernopfer-Fußnote (14) auf einen im Vergleich zum Umfang der Übernahme unbedeutenden Teil des Plagiats aus Guggisberg. Die FN 15 wurde wieder aus Guggisberg übernommen. |
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