Kst/Befunde/Overview

Overview

Problematic text parallels can be found in the following chapters (state of analysis: December 14, 2021):

• 1 Introduction [10] 10, 11
  • 1.1 Background to the refugee crisis [12] 11, 12
  • 1.2 Refugee agreement with Turkey [12] 12, 13, 14
  • 1.3 Effects of the refugee crisis in Germany [14] 14, 15
• 2 Objectives [16]
  • 2.1 Research question and theses [19]
  • 2.2 Academic contribution [20]
  • 2.3 Structure of work [21] 21
• 3 Overview of literature [23]
  • 3.1 Qualification structure of refugees [23]
    • 3.1.1 Survey by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees [23]
    • 3.1.2 Age and gender structure of refugees [23]
    • 3.1.3 Qualification structure [24]
    • 3.1.4 Occupation in the country of origin [26]
    • 3.1.5 Research deficits [29]
    • 3.1.6 Summary [29]
  • 3.2 Studies on labour market effects of migration [30]
    • 3.2.1 International studies [30] 30, 31
    • 3.2.2 European studies [31] 31
    • 3.2.3 Studies related to the German labour market [31] 31, 32, 33
      • 3.2.3.1 Macroeconomic impact of migration [33] 33
      • 3.2.3.2 Effects of the wars in Yugoslavia on the labour market [34] 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
    • 3.2.4 Research deficits [39] 39, 40
    • 3.2.5 Summary [40] 40
  • 3.3 Studies on the fiscal effects of refugee flows [41] [40]
    • 3.3.1 International studies [41] [40] 40
    • 3.3.2 National studies [42] [42] 45
    • 3.3.3 Research deficits [46] [45] 45
    • 3.3.4 Summary [46] 46
  • 3.4 Immigration and labour market theory [47] [46] 46, 47
    • 3.4.1 Immigration according to neoclassical labour market theory [48] [47] 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53
    • 3.4.2 Labour supply shock [53] 53, 54, 55
      • 3.4.2.1 Labour supply shock with variable capital [55] 55, 56
      • 3.4.2.2 Labour supply shock in heterogeneous work [57] 57, 58
    • 3.4.3 Summary [58] 58
  • 3.5 Immigration and macroeconomic impacts [59]
    • 3.5.1 Immigration from the perspective of the Solow growth model [59]
    • 3.5.2 Assumptions of the Solow growth model [59] 59, 60, 61
    • 3.5.3 Growth processes [61] 61, 62
    • 3.5.4 Convergence to balance [63] 63
    • 3.5.5 Effects of population growth [63] 63, 65
    • 3.5.6 Summary consideration [66] 66
    • 3.5.7 Criticism and further development [66] 66
    • 3.5.8 Summary [66]
  • 3.6 Summary of literature overview [67] 67, 68, 69, 70

• 4 Data and Methods [72]
  • 4.1 Data concerning the educational structure [72]
    • 4.1.1 Interviewing refugees [72]
    • 4.1.2 Microcensus data of the North Rhine-Westphalian population [72]
    • 4.1.3 Methods [73]
      • 4.1.3.1 Comparative analysis [73]
      • 4.1.3.2 Kruskal-Wallis test [74]
      • 4.1.3.3 Two samples Mann-Whitney-U test [74]
      • 4.1.3.4 X2 test [74]
      • 4.1.3.5 Exact tests according to Fisher [74]
      • 4.1.3.6 Multiple Testing [75]
    • 4.1.4 Heterogeneity [75]
  • 4.2 Employment effects [75]
    • 4.2.1 Data from the Federal Employment Agency [75] 75, 76
    • 4.2.2 Data validity [77]
    • 4.2.3 Methods [77]
    • 4.2.4 Statistical software and other analytical frameworks [78]

• 5 Results [79]
  • 5.1 Educational structure of refugees [79]
    • 5.1.1 Age and gender structure of refugees [79]
      • 5.1.1.1 All countries of origin [79]
      • 5.1.1.2 Top 3 countries of origin (Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan) [81]
    • 5.1.2 Qualification structure [84]
      • 5.1.2.1 School education in all countries of origin [84]
      • 5.1.2.2 School education in the top 3 countries of origin (Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan) [85]
      • 5.1.2.3 Education of all countries of origin by gender [85]
      • 5.1.2.4 Education of the top 3 countries of origin by gender (Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan) [86]
      • 5.1.2.5 Vocational and university education in all countries of origin [88]
      • 5.1.2.6 Vocational and university education in the top 3 countries of origin (Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan) [89]
    • 5.1.3 Differences in the qualification structure of the top 3 countries of origin [91]
      • 5.1.3.1 Educational structure [91]
      • 5.1.3.2 Gender distribution [92]
      • 5.1.3.3 Age structure [93]
      • 5.1.3.4 Educational structure between the genders [93]
      • 5.1.3.5 Education and training [95]
    • 5.1.4 Heterogeneity of the labour supply [97] [96] 99, 100, 101, 102
    • 5.1.5 Summary [103]
  • 5.2 Analysis of unemployment rate and refugee numbers [105]
    • 5.2.1 Box Jenkins Approach to testing the Orders of the ARIMA Model [108]
    • 5.2.2 ARIMA models to investigate the influence of refugee numbers on the unemployment rate [110]
      • 5.2.2.1 Refugees (non-Europeans) [110]
      • 5.2.2.2 Syrians [111]
      • 5.2.2.3 Iraqis [113]
      • 5.2.2.4 Afghans [114]
    • 5.2.3 Summary [116]
  • 5.3 Analysis of the unemployment rate and vocational training of refugees [117]
    • 5.3.1 Box Jenkins Approach to testing the Orders of the ARIMA Model [117]
    • 5.3.2 ARIMA Models to analyse the impact of vocational training of refugees on the unemployment rate [119]
      • 5.3.2.1 Refugees (non Europeans) [119]
      • 5.3.2.2 Syrians [120]
      • 5.3.2.3 Iraqis [121]
      • 5.3.2.4 Afghans [122]
    • 5.3.3 Summary [124]
  • 5.4 Analysis of median income and refugee numbers [125]
    • 5.4.1 Box Jenkins Approach to testing the Order of the ARIMA Model [127]
    • 5.4.2 ARIMA models to investigate the influence of refugee numbers on median income [129]
      • 5.4.2.1 Refugees (non Europeans) [129]
      • 5.4.2.2 Syrians [131]
      • 5.4.2.3 Iraqis [132]
      • 5.4.2.4 Afghans [133]
    • 5.4.3 Summary [135]

• 6 Discussion [136]
  • 6.1 Educational structure of refugees [136] 136, 137
  • 6.2 Education and fiscal effects [138] 138, 139
    • 6.2.1 Self-selection and selective immigration policy [139] 139, 140
    • 6.2.2 Supply- and demand-oriented management of immigration [140] 140, 141
    • 6.2.3 Statutory regulations [141] 141, 142
  • 6.3 Labour market effects [142]
    • 6.3.1 Impact on the unemployment rate [142] 142, 143
    • 6.3.2 Residence requirement in North Rhine-Westphalia [144]
    • 6.3.3 Impact on wage level [146] 146
  • 6.4 Summary [147]

• 7 Policy recommendation [148]
  • 7.1 Asylum policy measures [148]
  • 7.2 Labour market policy measures to promote mobility [148]
  • 7.3 Recognation of qualifications [149]
  • 7.4 Integration policy [149]
  • 7.5 Educational policy [149]
  • 7.6 Immigration policy [150]
  • 7.7 Repayment of debts [150]

• 8 Conclusion [142] [151] 151, 152

• 9 References [154]

• 10 List of figures [162]

• 11 List of tables [166]

• Attachments [168]

• A Asylum system Germany [169]

• B Asylum procedure North Rhine-Westphalia [170]

• C Questionnaire on the educational structure of refugees [171].