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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 113, Zeilen: 1 ff. (entire page) |
Quelle: Wotschack Wittek 2006 Seite(n): 5, Zeilen: 9 ff. |
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| [Based on discourse analysis] of interviews with 45 white professional men, Riley (2003) concludes that despite social change in gender relations and the rise of egalitarian value systems, a legitimate successor to the male provider role has not yet emerged. The role of the provider defines success and status; ‘real’ work; and the legitimate mechanism for the production of male identity” (Riley, 2003). Furthermore, there is strong empirical evidence that women taking a provider role violate gender role expectations (Deutsch & Saxon, 1998; Tichenor, 2005). Though empirical evidence also shows a trend toward more egalitarian gender ideologies regarding family roles both in Europe (Ciabattari, 2001) and the U.S. (Zuo & Tang, 2000), this trend is slower and less pronounced for men, and exhibits considerable cross-national variation (Pfau-Effinger, 2004). In particular higher status men tend to disapprove of women sharing a provider role (Zuo & Tang, 2000).
From the perspective of role congruity theory, the highly agentic connotation of the provider role implies that working women will be likely to experience role incongruity between their (communal) female gender role and their (agentic) provider role. It follows that this role incongruity will affect the effectiveness of their compliance gaining strategies during intra-household time allocation conflicts. Working women using agentic compliance gaining strategies (e.g., forcing) enact the traditional agentic provider model, and will therefore be likely to elicit negative reactions and non-compliance from their male partners because by doing so they deviate from their communal gender role. Conversely, working women who instead use communal compliance gaining strategies (e.g., problem solving, accommodating) to resolve time allocation conflicts with their partner will be more successful in resolving the conflict to their advantage. Ciabattari, T. (2001). Changes in men's conservative gender ideologies: Cohort and period influences. Gender & Society, 15, 574-591. Deutsch, F. M., & Saxon, S. E. (1998). Traditional ideologies, nontraditional lives. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 38, 331-362. Pfau-Effinger, B. (2004). Socio-historical paths of the male breadwinner model – an explanation of cross-national differences. British Journal of Sociology (3): 377-399. Riley, M. (2003). Gender analysis. IGTN. Tichenor, V. J. (2005). Maintaining men’s dominance: Negotiating identity and power when she earns more. Sex Roles, 53, 191-205 Zuo J. & S. Tang (2000). Breadwinner status and gender ideologies of men and women regarding family roles. Sociological Perspectives 43 (1): 29-43 |
Based on discourse analysis of interviews with 45 white professional men, Riley (2003) concludes that despite social change in gender relations and the rise of egalitarian value systems, a legitimate successor to the male provider role has not yet emerged: “The provider role functioned to define success and status; ‘real’ work; and the legitimate mechanism for the production of male identity”. Furthermore, there is strong empirical evidence that women taking a provider role violate gender role expectations (Deutsch & Saxon, 1998; Helms-Erikson et al., 2000; Tichenor, 2005; Willot and Griffin, 2004). Though empirical evidence also shows a trend towards more egalitarian gender ideologies regarding family roles both in Europe (Ciabattari, 2001) and the U.S. (Zuo & Tang, 2000), this trend is slower and less pronounced for men, and exhibits considerable cross-national variation (Pfau-Effinger, 2004). In particular higher status men tend to disapprove of women sharing a provider role (Zuo & Tang, 2000).
From the perspective of role congruity theory, the highly agentic connotation of the provider role implies that working women will be likely to experience role incongruity between their (communal) female gender role and their (agentic) provider role. It follows that this role incongruity will affect the effectiveness of their compliance gaining strategies during intra-household time allocation conflicts. Working women using agentic compliance gaining strategies (e.g. forcing) enact the traditional agentic provider model, and will therefore be likely to elicit negative reactions and non-compliance from their male partners, because by doing so they deviate from their communal gender role. Conversely, working women who instead use communal compliance gaining strategies (e.g. problem solving, accommodating) to resolve time allocation conflicts with their partner will be more successful in resolving the conflict to their advantage. Pfau-Effinger, B. (2004). Socio-historical paths of the male breadwinner model - an explanation of cross-national differences. In: British Journal of Sociology (3): 377-399. Willott S. & C. Griffin (2004). Redundant men: Constraints on identity change. In: Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 14 (2): 53-69 Zuo J. & S. Tang (2000). Breadwinner status and gender ideologies of men and women regarding family roles. In: Sociological Perspectives 43 (1): 29-43 |
The true source is not given. The source has no entry in the references for Deutsch & Saxon 1998, Helms-Erikson et al. 2000, Riley 2003, or Tichenor 2005 |
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