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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 39, Zeilen: 1 ff. (entire page) |
Quelle: Ananto 2004 Seite(n): 279, Zeilen: 12 ff. |
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| [During the era of liberalism of the 1950s, the PWI] enjoyed considerable freedom. It even tried to attain political power in 1960. Between 1966 and 1969, Indonesian journalists enjoyed editorial freedom, but from the 1970s the PWI came under government watch until 1996. The rise of idealists such as Gunawan Mohammad and Surya Paloh (journalists) and poet W.S. Rendra helped as catalysts for more editorial freedom in Indonesia. During the Soeharto era, there was no respect for public opinion, which had a great impact on the public relations profession. For over 50 years, public relations had been limited to one-way information flow, particularly by the government since the day of its conception. It was in 1998, when the era of reform began, that the PWI became an independent institution, and it began to develop its professionalism beginning in 1999 when freedom of speech and expression came to be legally protected (Ananto, 2004).
There are approximately 20,000 Indonesian journalists, about 2,000 of whom are members of the PWI. Typically, non-PWI members lack an understanding of national unity and are deficient in legal and ethical knowledge and conduct. Tough competition with the foreign press has resulted in some undesirable behavior among journalists. Because of their limited knowledge of the culture and social background of Indonesians, members of the foreign press tend to expose what is happening at a certain moment without contextualizing it and explaining why it happened (Ananto, 2004). Normatively, the main function of the Indonesian press is to disseminate information, educate, entertain, and help maintain social control, according to the Code of Ethics of Indonesian Journalists (Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia, 2003). Particularly, in the last decade, the Indonesian media have been in a period of transition because of an open sky policy, infusion of foreign capital, increased demand for transparency, and [demand to help protect human rights.] Ananto, E. (2003). The development of public relations in Indonesia. In K. Sriramesh (Ed.), Public relations in Asia: An anthology. Singapore: Thomson Publishing. Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia (2003). About PWI. Retrieved October 20, 2003, from http://www.pwi.or.id/static.php?lang=en&artikel_id=&target=about |
During the era of liberalism of the 1950s, the PWI enjoyed considerable freedom. It even tried to attain political power in 1960. Between 1966 and 1969, Indonesian journalists enjoyed editorial freedom, but from the 1970s the PWI came under government watch until 1996. The rise of idealists such as Gunawan Mohammad and Surya Paloh (journalists) and poet W. S. Renda [sic] helped as catalysts for more editorial freedom in Indonesia. During the Soeharto era there was no respect for public opinion, which had a great impact on the public relations profession. For over fifty years, public relations had been limited to one-way information flow, particularly by the government since the day of its conception. It was in 1998 when the era of reform began that the PWI became an independent institution, and it began to develop its professionalism beginning in 1999 when freedom of speech and expression came to be legally protected.
There are approximately 20,000 Indonesian journalists, about 2,000 of whom are members of the PWI. Typically, non-PWI members lack an understanding of national unity and are deficient in legal and ethical knowledge and conduct. Tough competition with the foreign press has resulted in some undesirable behaviour among journalists. Because of their limited knowledge of the culture and social background of Indonesians, members of the foreign press tend to expose what is happening at a certain moment without contextualizing it and explaining why it happened. The main function of the Indonesian press is to disseminate information, educate, entertain, and help attain social control, according to the Code of Ethics of Indonesian journalists. Particularly in the last decade, the Indonesian media have been in a period of transition because of an open sky policy, infusion of foreign capital, increased demand for transparency, and demand to help protect human rights. |
The source is given, but the extent of the word-for-word copying is not indicated. |
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