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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 21, Zeilen: 22-30 |
Quelle: Bedard Krause 2007 Seite(n): 246, Zeilen: l.col: 9ff |
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| ROS are oxygen-derived small molecules, including oxygen radicals [superoxide (O2•–), hydroxyl (•OH), peroxyl (RO2•), and alkoxyl (RO•) radicals] and certain non-radicals that are either oxidizing agents and/or are easily converted into radicals, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), ozone (O3), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS generation is generally a cascade of reactions that starts with the production of superoxide. Superoxide rapidly dismutates to hydrogen peroxide either spontaneously (at low pH) or catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Other elements in the cascade of ROS generation include the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite (ONOO–), the peroxidase-catalyzed formation of hypochlorous acid [(HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide, and the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction leading to the generation of hydroxyl radical58.]
Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:L1005-1028. |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-derived small molecules, including oxygen radicals [superoxide (O2•–), hydroxyl (•OH), peroxyl (RO2•), and alkoxyl (RO•)] and certain nonradicals that are either oxidizing agents and/or are easily converted into radicals, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl), ozone (O3), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Nitrogen-containing oxidants, such as nitric oxide, are called reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS generation is generally a cascade of reactions that starts with the production of superoxide. Superoxide rapidly dismutates to hydrogen peroxide either spontaneously, particularly at low pH or catalyzed by superoxide dismutase. Other elements in the cascade of ROS generation include the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite, the peroxidase-catalyzed formation of hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide, and the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction leading to the generation of hydroxyl radical (468, 874).
468. Klebanoff SJ. Oxygen metabolism and the toxic properties of phagocytes. Ann Intern Med 93: 480–489, 1980. 874. Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279: L1005–L1028, 2000. |
The source is mentioned further down on the next page, without any indication that everything including references to the literature are taken from it. To be continued on the next page: Arc/Fragment_022_01 |
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