A new insight on direct actions of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in the myocardium
von Ana Catarina Ribeiro Carrão
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| [1.] Arc/Fragment 040 03 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-02-26 23:06:53 Guckar | Arc, BauernOpfer, Fragment, Gesichtet, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Toyota et al 2005 |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 40, Zeilen: 3-32 |
Quelle: Toyota et al 2005 Seite(n): 2109, Zeilen: l.col: 10-46 |
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| Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3–4 mo old, 300–350 g) were used for chronic (5 days) implantation of a pneumatic occluder over the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD; as described by Toyota et al.96) to produce repetitive ischemia (RI). Briefly, for surgery, rats were premedicated (ketamine 50 mg/mL plus acepromazine 2.5 mg/mL plus torbuterol 2.0 mg/mL, 0.2 mL/100 g body weight, i.p.) and intubated. Oral intubation (I6-G polyethylene tubing) was done under direct observation of the vocal cords with an otoscope. General anesthesia was introduced and maintained by sevoflurane inhalation (1.0% to 2.0%, with 100% oxygen). Body temperature was controlled at 37°C by an electric heating table. Surgery was performed using aseptic technique. The animal was initially placed on its dorsal side, and after a neck incision, the right carotid artery was isolated, and a PE-50 catheter filled with heparin (10 U/mL)-saline was inserted. This tubing was used for monitoring of systemic hemodynamics, sampling arterial blood, and maintaining the blood volume. Blood pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and systemic hemodynamics were maintained within physiological ranges throughout the surgery. The animal was repositioned on its right side, and the heart was exposed by left thoracotomy. A mini-pneumatic snare occluder (see the Mini- Pneumatic Snare Occluder section for details) was implanted around the mid to proximal LAD. Confirmation that the occluder was functional, i.e., producing myocardial ischemia, was determined initially by observation of blanching and hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) during inflation. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups based on the type of measurement: coronary blood flow (CBF) (neutron activated microspheres), oxidative stress analysis (Dihydroethidium, DHE) or vascular imaging (micro-CT). CBF was measured during coronary occlusion to determine flows to the normal and collateral-dependent zones (see the Microsphere measurements of myocardial and collateral-dependent blood flow and the Coronary Microvascular imaging with Cryomicrotome sections). After instrumentation and measurements, the chest was closed under positive end-expiratory pressure, and the thoracic cavity was evacuated of air. The occluder was tunnelled subcutaneously and exteriorized between the scapulae. This catheter was protected by a stainless steel spring coil connected to a ring that was secured subcutaneously between the scapulae.
96. Toyota E, Warltier DC, Brock T, Ritman E, Kolz C, O'Malley P, Rocic P, Focardi M, Chilian WM. Vascular endothelial growth factor is required for coronary collateral growth in the rat. Circulation. 2005;112:2108-2113. |
Male Wistar rats (290- to 360-g body weight; n=50) were used for experiments (preparations were successful in 39 animals). For surgery, rats were premedicated (ketamine 50 mg/mL plus acepromazine 2.5 mg/mL plus torbuterol 2.0 mg/mL, 0.2 mL/100 g body weight IP) and intubated. Oral intubation (I6-G polyethylene tubing) was done under direct observation of the vocal cords with an otoscope. General anesthesia was introduced and maintained by sevoflurane inhalation (1.0% to 2.0%, with 100% oxygen). Body temperature was controlled at 37°C by an electric heating table. Surgery was performed using aseptic technique. The animal was initially placed on its dorsal side, and after a neck incision, the right carotid artery was isolated, and a PE-50 catheter filled with heparin (10 U/mL)-saline was inserted. This tubing was used for monitoring of systemic hemodynamics, sampling arterial blood, and maintaining the blood volume. Blood pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and systemic hemodynamics were maintained within physiological ranges throughout the surgery. The animal was repositioned on its right side, and the heart was exposed by left thoracotomy. A mini-pneumatic snare occluder (see the Mini-Pneumatic Snare Occluder section for details) was implanted around the mid to proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Confirmation that the occluder was functional, ie, producing myocardial ischemia, was determined initially by observation of blanching and hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) during inflation. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the type of measurement: coronary blood flow (CBF) (radioactive microspheres, n=20) or vascular imaging (micro-CT, n=13). CBF was measured during coronary occlusion to determine flows to the normal and collateral-dependent zones (see the Measurement of Coronary Blood Flow and the Coronary Vascular Imaging With Micro-CT sections). After instrumentation and measurements, the chest was closed under positive end-expiratory pressure, and the thoracic cavity was evacuated of air. An intraperitoneal catheter (PE-50) for drug administration was inserted, and this catheter and the occluder were tunneled subcutaneously and exteriorized between the scapulae. These catheters were protected by a stainless steel spring coil connected to a ring that was secured subcutaneously between the scapulae. |
The source is given at the beginning of the section in a way that indicates that the here described method is similar to the one employed by the authors of the source. However, it is not clear to the reader that the description of the method is a largely literal copy of the source. |
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Letzte Bearbeitung dieser Seite: durch Benutzer:Hindemith, Zeitstempel: 20140225220639